Dr. Marzano describes a six-step process in the instruction of vocabulary (are to provide the learner practice and reinforcement. Building Academic Vocabulary). The first three steps are to assist the teacher in direct instruction. The last three steps are for the learner to demonstrate their knowledge.
*The Six steps were created by Dr. Marzano and are located on his website.
: The teacher will give a description, explanation, or example of the new term.
Provide learners information about the term.
Determine what the learner already knows about the term.
Ask learners to share what they already know as a means of monitoring misconceptions.
Ask learners to share what they already know to use this knowledge as a foundation for more learning.
Utilize examples, descriptions, but not definitions. Definitions are not a recommended method for vocabulary instruction as they do not provide learners an informal, natural way to learn new vocabulary.
Instruct learning of proper noun terms through identifying characteristics of the proper noun.
: The teacher will ask the learner to give a description, explanation, or example of the new term in his/her own words.
Remind learners to not copy, but use their own words.
Monitor students to determine if any confusion exists.
Provide more descriptions, explanations, or examples if necessary.
Request that students record these in their Academic Notebook Worksheet. These notebooks can travel with the learner as he/she moves through each grade level and become a compilation of vocabulary terms mastered.
: The teacher will ask the learner to draw a picture, symbol, or locate a graphic to represent the new term.
Provides learners a nonlinguistic method of vocabulary mastery.
Share examples of other learners' drawings or allow students to work in teams to help those who complain that cannot draw.
Teach the concept of speed drawing for those who labor too long over their work.
Ask learner to share their work.
Use graphics from magazines or the Internet. Internet Clipart Resources:
Illustrating terms through symbols, drawing the actual term, illustrating with a cartoon, or drawing an example of the term should be encouraged.
: The learner will participate in activities that provide more knowledge of the words in their __vocabulary notebooks__.
Remind learners to not copy, but use their own words.
Distribute the Academic Notebook Worksheet to assist learners in organizing their vocabulary terms.
Encourage learners to identify prefixes, suffixes, antonyms, synonyms, related words for the vocabulary term as "new info" on the Academic Notebook Worksheet.
If English is a second language to the learner, provide an opportunity to translate the word into their native language (BabelFish).
: The learner will discuss the term with other learners. Pair-Share Strategy:
THINK: Allow think time for learners to review their own descriptions and images of the terms.
PAIR: Put learners in pairs to discuss their descriptions, images, and any new info related to the terms.
SHARE: Provide opportunity for groups to share aloud and discuss conceptions and misconceptions.
Monitor as learners help each other identify and clear up confusion about new terms. : The learner will participate in games that provide more reinforcement of the new term.
Activites / Games
TeachNet, GameAquarium, ESL Bears, Word Scrambler,.
Listen for misconceptions when learners are playing games/activities.
Provide an opportunity for learners to work together.
A few tips on how to learn vocabulary
There are many ways to learn vocabulary, perhaps even too many. It might be challenging for a person who decided to build his or her vocabulary to choose the right method of learning as there are no general rules which would be perfect for everybody. Of course, reading has an unshakable place in the rating of the most efficient vocabulary building techniques. But the simple fact is that not all people are fond of reading or don’t have time for that, which is why they search for ways around it.
And such ways can be found. For example, it can be very helpful to watch movies with subtitles. If you encounter an unfamiliar word in the course of the movies, it will be better to know its spelling as well as pronunciation. Besides, subtitles can help you to understand the meaning of such a word from the context, and you will learn vocabulary much faster.
After you find out the meaning of all the unfamiliar words in a particular movie, keep playing it while dong things around the house: it will help you memorize the words and even whole phrases where they were used. Try to choose movies with sophisticated and beautiful language and avoid vulgar and primitive stuff.
Keep a diary. It does not mean you should write pages and pages, describing all the events of the day, your feelings, emotions, ideas and thoughts, but at least a few lines on a daily basis wold be more than enough. Try to use the words you recently learned, this way you will ensure hammering them into your mind.
If you find it boring to write a diary, just switch to the fiction. Short stories would be perfect. You will not only give freedom to your imagination, but will sharpen your language as well. It is easy to learn vocabulary when you make sure to use the words you learn, no matter whether in a conversation or in a written form.
If you are not confident using new words in everyday conversations, go for the online chat. It is a well known fact that people feel less self conscious over the Internet, so it is a nice way to start using the words you don’t feel completely comfortable with.
Learn poems by heart. This way you will not only ensure a lot of aesthetic satisfaction, but will also learn vocabulary as well as the whole speech patterns, which will strike the people you talk to with their beauty and sophistication.
There are many other ways to learn vocabulary, and after these simple examples you can easily think of the methods which would be the most suitable for you.
Another look at Building Vocabulary
Building Vocabulary: Using Context Clues to Learn Word Meaning
When authors write, they often include context clues to the meaning of words they use but think that some of their readers may not know. The context clue is usually presented in the sentence or paragraph in which the word occurs. Sometimes a visual such as a picture is provided.
Here are six types of context clues used by authors to help the reader understand the meanings of words. An example is provided for each.
1. Definition context clue
The author includes a definition to help the reader understand the meaning of a word. In the following example, "tainted" is defined as having a disease.
The people of the town were warned not to eat the tainted fish. The local newspaper published a bulletin in which readers were clearly told that eating fish that had a disease could be very dangerous. This was especially true for fish caught in Lake Jean.
2. Synonym context clue
The author includes a synonym to help the reader understand the meaning of a word. A synonym is a word that means the same as or nearly the same as another word. In the following example, the synonym "pity" helps the reader understand the meaning of "compassion."
After seeing the picture of the starving children, we all felt compassion or pity for their suffering.
3. Antonym context clue
The author includes an antonym to help the reader understand the meaning of a word. An antonym is a word that means the opposite of another word. In the following example, the antonym "eager" helps the reader understand the meaning of "reluctant."
Joe was reluctant to take on the position of captain of the basketball team. He was afraid that the time it would take would hurt his grades. On the other hand, Billy was eager for the chance to be captain. He thought that being captain of the team would make him very popular in school.
4. Description context clue
The author includes one or more descriptions to help the reader understand the meaning of a word. In the following example, descriptions of President Kennedy as having charm, enthusiasm, and a magnetic personality help the reader understand the meaning of "charismatic."
John Fitzgerald Kennedy, our 35th president, improved human rights and equal rights for all people. He was a very charismatic president. People were attracted to his charm and enthusiasm. His personality was described as magnetic.
5. Summary context clue
The author makes a number of statements that help the reader understand the meaning of a word. In the following example, statements about being rude, showing no respect, having poor manners, and being impolite help the reader understand the meaning of "impertinent."
Andrea was a very impertinent young lady. She was so rude that she talked while her teacher was explaining a lesson. She showed no respect for other students. Her manners were very poor. Even her parents thought that Andrea was impolite.
Vocabulary is a big part of reading. Students should learn to pronounce the word correctly and know that correct meaning for the word. We want children to know how important this is cause when they are reading we need them to understand that's it's very important that they comprehend the material.
==
Building Vocaubulary
Dr. Marzano describes a six-step process in the instruction of vocabulary (are to provide the learner practice and reinforcement. Building Academic Vocabulary). The first three steps are to assist the teacher in direct instruction. The last three steps are for the learner to demonstrate their knowledge.- Step 6: __The learner will participate in games that provide more reinforcement of the new term.__
*The Six steps were created by Dr. Marzano and are located on his website.: The teacher will give a description, explanation, or example of the new term.
- Provide learners information about the term.
- Determine what the learner already knows about the term.
- Ask learners to share what they already know as a means of monitoring misconceptions.
- Ask learners to share what they already know to use this knowledge as a foundation for more learning.
- Utilize examples, descriptions, but not definitions. Definitions are not a recommended method for vocabulary instruction as they do not provide learners an informal, natural way to learn new vocabulary.
- Instruct learning of proper noun terms through identifying characteristics of the proper noun.
: The teacher will ask the learner to give a description, explanation, or example of the new term in his/her own words.- Remind learners to not copy, but use their own words.
- Monitor students to determine if any confusion exists.
- Provide more descriptions, explanations, or examples if necessary.
- Request that students record these in their Academic Notebook Worksheet. These notebooks can travel with the learner as he/she moves through each grade level and become a compilation of vocabulary terms mastered.
: The teacher will ask the learner to draw a picture, symbol, or locate a graphic to represent the new term.- Provides learners a nonlinguistic method of vocabulary mastery.
- Share examples of other learners' drawings or allow students to work in teams to help those who complain that cannot draw.
- Teach the concept of speed drawing for those who labor too long over their work.
- Ask learner to share their work.
- Use graphics from magazines or the Internet.
- Madrid Teacher
- Vocabulary Quiz Using Images
- Illustrating terms through symbols, drawing the actual term, illustrating with a cartoon, or drawing an example of the term should be encouraged.
: The learner will participate in activities that provide more knowledge of the words in their __vocabulary notebooks__.Internet Clipart Resources:
- Remind learners to not copy, but use their own words.
- Distribute the Academic Notebook Worksheet to assist learners in organizing their vocabulary terms.
- Encourage learners to identify prefixes, suffixes, antonyms, synonyms, related words for the vocabulary term as "new info" on the Academic Notebook Worksheet.
- If English is a second language to the learner, provide an opportunity to translate the word into their native language (BabelFish).
: The learner will discuss the term with other learners.Pair-Share Strategy:
- THINK: Allow think time for learners to review their own descriptions and images of the terms.
- PAIR: Put learners in pairs to discuss their descriptions, images, and any new info related to the terms.
- SHARE: Provide opportunity for groups to share aloud and discuss conceptions and misconceptions.
Monitor as learners help each other identify and clear up confusion about new terms.: The learner will participate in games that provide more reinforcement of the new term.
Activites / Games
A few tips on how to learn vocabulary
There are many ways to learn vocabulary, perhaps even too many. It might be challenging for a person who decided to build his or her vocabulary to choose the right method of learning as there are no general rules which would be perfect for everybody. Of course, reading has an unshakable place in the rating of the most efficient vocabulary building techniques. But the simple fact is that not all people are fond of reading or don’t have time for that, which is why they search for ways around it.And such ways can be found. For example, it can be very helpful to watch movies with subtitles. If you encounter an unfamiliar word in the course of the movies, it will be better to know its spelling as well as pronunciation. Besides, subtitles can help you to understand the meaning of such a word from the context, and you will learn vocabulary much faster.
After you find out the meaning of all the unfamiliar words in a particular movie, keep playing it while dong things around the house: it will help you memorize the words and even whole phrases where they were used. Try to choose movies with sophisticated and beautiful language and avoid vulgar and primitive stuff.
Keep a diary. It does not mean you should write pages and pages, describing all the events of the day, your feelings, emotions, ideas and thoughts, but at least a few lines on a daily basis wold be more than enough. Try to use the words you recently learned, this way you will ensure hammering them into your mind.
If you find it boring to write a diary, just switch to the fiction. Short stories would be perfect. You will not only give freedom to your imagination, but will sharpen your language as well. It is easy to learn vocabulary when you make sure to use the words you learn, no matter whether in a conversation or in a written form.
If you are not confident using new words in everyday conversations, go for the online chat. It is a well known fact that people feel less self conscious over the Internet, so it is a nice way to start using the words you don’t feel completely comfortable with.
Learn poems by heart. This way you will not only ensure a lot of aesthetic satisfaction, but will also learn vocabulary as well as the whole speech patterns, which will strike the people you talk to with their beauty and sophistication.
There are many other ways to learn vocabulary, and after these simple examples you can easily think of the methods which would be the most suitable for you.
Another look at Building Vocabulary
Building Vocabulary: Using Context Clues to Learn Word Meaning
When authors write, they often include context clues to the meaning of words they use but think that some of their readers may not know. The context clue is usually presented in the sentence or paragraph in which the word occurs. Sometimes a visual such as a picture is provided.
Here are six types of context clues used by authors to help the reader understand the meanings of words. An example is provided for each.
1. Definition context clue
The author includes a definition to help the reader understand the meaning of a word. In the following example, "tainted" is defined as having a disease.2. Synonym context clue
The author includes a synonym to help the reader understand the meaning of a word. A synonym is a word that means the same as or nearly the same as another word. In the following example, the synonym "pity" helps the reader understand the meaning of "compassion."3. Antonym context clue
The author includes an antonym to help the reader understand the meaning of a word. An antonym is a word that means the opposite of another word. In the following example, the antonym "eager" helps the reader understand the meaning of "reluctant."4. Description context clue
The author includes one or more descriptions to help the reader understand the meaning of a word. In the following example, descriptions of President Kennedy as having charm, enthusiasm, and a magnetic personality help the reader understand the meaning of "charismatic."5. Summary context clue
The author makes a number of statements that help the reader understand the meaning of a word. In the following example, statements about being rude, showing no respect, having poor manners, and being impolite help the reader understand the meaning of "impertinent."Lesson plan
- http://www.myvocabulary.com/
:Jaquie Francois- Creator
Vocabulary is a big part of reading. Students should learn to pronounce the word correctly and know that correct meaning for the word. We want children to know how important this is cause when they are reading we need them to understand that's it's very important that they comprehend the material.
Beatriz Lara